diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/gdiff/README.md b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/gdiff/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..db646241ff28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/gdiff/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,220 @@
+
+
+# gdiff
+
+> Calculate the k-th discrete forward difference of a strided array.
+
+
+
+## Usage
+
+```javascript
+var gdiff = require( '@stdlib/blas/ext/base/gdiff' );
+```
+
+
+
+#### gdiff( N, k, x, strideX, N1, prepend, strideP, N2, append, strideA, out, strideOut, workspace, strideW )
+
+Calculates the k-th discrete forward differences of a strided array.
+
+```javascript
+var x = [ 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0 ];
+var p = [ 1.0 ];
+var a = [ 11.0 ];
+var out = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+var w = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+
+gdiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 );
+
+console.log( out );
+// => [ 1.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 1.0 ]
+```
+
+The function has the following parameters:
+
+- **N**: number of indexed elements.
+- **k**: number of times to recursively compute differences.
+- **x**: input array.
+- **strideX**: stride length for `x`.
+- **N1**: number of elements to `prepend`.
+- **prepend**: array containing values to prepend prior to computing differences.
+- **strideP**: stride length for `prepend`.
+- **N2**: number of elements to `append`.
+- **append**: array containing values to append prior to computing differences.
+- **strideA**: stride length for `append`.
+- **out**: output array. Must have `N + N1 + N2 - k` elements.
+- **strideOut**: stride length for `out`.
+- **workspace**: workspace array. Must have `N + N1 + N2 - 1` elements.
+- **strideW**: stride length for `workspace`.
+
+The `N` and stride parameters determine which elements in the strided array are accessed at runtime. For example, to compute differences of every other element:
+
+```javascript
+var x = [ 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0 ];
+var p = [ 1.0 ];
+var a = [ 11.0 ];
+var out = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+var w = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+
+gdiff( 3, 1, x, 2, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 );
+
+console.log( out );
+// => [ 1.0, 4.0, 4.0, 1.0 ]
+```
+
+Note that indexing is relative to the first index. To introduce an offset, use [`typed array`][mdn-typed-array] views.
+
+```javascript
+var Float64Array = require( '@stdlib/array/float64' );
+
+// Initial array...
+var x0 = new Float64Array( [ 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0 ] );
+
+// Create an offset view...
+var x1 = new Float64Array( x0.buffer, x0.BYTES_PER_ELEMENT*1 ); // start at 2nd element
+
+var p = [ 1.0 ];
+var a = [ 11.0 ];
+var out = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+var w = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+
+gdiff( x1.length, 1, x1, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 );
+
+console.log( out );
+// => [ 3.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 1.0 ]
+```
+
+
+
+#### gdiff.ndarray( N, k, x, strideX, offsetX, N1, prepend, strideP, offsetP, N2, append, strideA, offsetA, out, strideOut, offsetOut, workspace, strideW, offsetW )
+
+Calculates the k-th discrete forward differences of a strided array using alternative indexing semantics.
+
+```javascript
+var x = [ 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0 ];
+var p = [ 1.0 ];
+var a = [ 11.0 ];
+var out = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+var w = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+
+gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 );
+
+console.log( out );
+// => [ 1.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 1.0 ]
+```
+
+The function has the following additional parameters:
+
+- **offsetX**: starting index for `x`.
+- **offsetP**: starting index for `prepend`.
+- **offsetA**: starting index for `append`.
+- **offsetOut**: starting index for `out`.
+- **offsetW**: starting index of `workspace`.
+
+While [`typed array`][mdn-typed-array] views mandate a view offset based on the underlying buffer, the offset parameter supports indexing semantics based on a starting index. For example, to access only the last three elements:
+
+```javascript
+var x = [ 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0 ];
+var p = [ 1.0 ];
+var a = [ 11.0 ];
+var out = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+var w = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+
+gdiff.ndarray( 3, 1, x, 1, x.length-3, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 );
+
+console.log( out );
+// => [ 5.0, 2.0, 2.0, 1.0 ]
+```
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+## Notes
+
+- If `N <= 0`, both functions return the output array unchanged.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+## Examples
+
+
+
+```javascript
+var discreteUniform = require( '@stdlib/random/array/discrete-uniform' );
+var zeros = require( '@stdlib/array/zeros' );
+var gdiff = require( '@stdlib/blas/ext/base/gdiff' );
+
+var x = discreteUniform( 10, -100, 100, {
+ 'dtype': 'generic'
+});
+console.log( 'Input array: ', x );
+
+var p = discreteUniform( 2, -100, 100, {
+ 'dtype': 'generic'
+});
+console.log( 'Prepend array: ', p );
+
+var a = discreteUniform( 2, -100, 100, {
+ 'dtype': 'generic'
+});
+console.log( 'Append array: ', a );
+
+var out = zeros( 10, 'generic' );
+
+var w = zeros( 13, 'generic' );
+
+gdiff( x.length, 4, x, 1, 2, p, 1, 2, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 );
+console.log( 'Output', out );
+```
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+[mdn-typed-array]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/TypedArray
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/gdiff/benchmark/benchmark.js b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/gdiff/benchmark/benchmark.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..6458121b3c8b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/gdiff/benchmark/benchmark.js
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+/**
+* @license Apache-2.0
+*
+* Copyright (c) 2026 The Stdlib Authors.
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+'use strict';
+
+// MODULES //
+
+var bench = require( '@stdlib/bench' );
+var uniform = require( '@stdlib/random/array/uniform' );
+var isnan = require( '@stdlib/math/base/assert/is-nan' );
+var pow = require( '@stdlib/math/base/special/pow' );
+var format = require( '@stdlib/string/format' );
+var pkg = require( './../package.json' ).name;
+var gdiff = require( './../lib/gdiff.js' );
+
+
+// VARIABLES //
+
+var options = {
+ 'dtype': 'generic'
+};
+
+
+// FUNCTIONS //
+
+/**
+* Creates a benchmark function.
+*
+* @private
+* @param {PositiveInteger} len - array length
+* @returns {Function} benchmark function
+*/
+function createBenchmark( len ) {
+ var ol;
+ var N1;
+ var N2;
+ var x;
+ var p;
+ var a;
+ var w;
+ var o;
+ var k;
+ var N;
+ var i;
+
+ N = len;
+ N1 = 1;
+ N2 = 1;
+ k = 1; // worst case: N + N1 + N2 - 1
+ ol = N + N1 + N2 - k;
+
+ x = uniform( N, -100, 100, options );
+ p = uniform( N1, -100, 100, options );
+ a = uniform( N2, -100, 100, options );
+ w = [];
+ for ( i = 0; i < N+N1+N2-1; i++ ) {
+ w.push( 0.0 );
+ }
+ o = [];
+ for ( i = 0; i < ol; i++ ) {
+ o.push( 0.0 );
+ }
+ return benchmark;
+
+ /**
+ * Benchmark function.
+ *
+ * @private
+ * @param {Benchmark} b - benchmark instance
+ */
+ function benchmark( b ) {
+ var i;
+
+ b.tic();
+ for ( i = 0; i < b.iterations; i++ ) {
+ gdiff( N, k, x, 1, N1, p, 1, N2, a, 1, o, 1, w, 1 );
+ if ( isnan( o[ i%ol ] ) ) {
+ b.fail( 'should not return NaN' );
+ }
+ }
+ b.toc();
+ if ( isnan( o[ i%ol ] ) ) {
+ b.fail( 'should not return NaN' );
+ }
+ b.pass( 'benchmark finished' );
+ b.end();
+ }
+}
+
+
+// MAIN //
+
+/**
+* Main execution sequence.
+*
+* @private
+*/
+function main() {
+ var len;
+ var min;
+ var max;
+ var f;
+ var i;
+
+ min = 1; // 10^min
+ max = 6; // 10^max
+
+ for ( i = min; i <= max; i++ ) {
+ len = pow( 10, i );
+ f = createBenchmark( len );
+ bench( format( '%s:len=%d', pkg, len ), f );
+ }
+}
+
+main();
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/gdiff/benchmark/benchmark.ndarray.js b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/gdiff/benchmark/benchmark.ndarray.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..5457037926bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/gdiff/benchmark/benchmark.ndarray.js
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+/**
+* @license Apache-2.0
+*
+* Copyright (c) 2026 The Stdlib Authors.
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+'use strict';
+
+// MODULES //
+
+var bench = require( '@stdlib/bench' );
+var uniform = require( '@stdlib/random/array/uniform' );
+var isnan = require( '@stdlib/math/base/assert/is-nan' );
+var pow = require( '@stdlib/math/base/special/pow' );
+var format = require( '@stdlib/string/format' );
+var pkg = require( './../package.json' ).name;
+var gdiff = require( './../lib/ndarray.js' );
+
+
+// VARIABLES //
+
+var options = {
+ 'dtype': 'generic'
+};
+
+
+// FUNCTIONS //
+
+/**
+* Creates a benchmark function.
+*
+* @private
+* @param {PositiveInteger} len - array length
+* @returns {Function} benchmark function
+*/
+function createBenchmark( len ) {
+ var ol;
+ var N1;
+ var N2;
+ var x;
+ var p;
+ var a;
+ var w;
+ var o;
+ var k;
+ var N;
+ var i;
+
+ N = len;
+ N1 = 1;
+ N2 = 1;
+ k = 1; // worst case: N + N1 + N2 - 1
+ ol = N + N1 + N2 - k;
+
+ x = uniform( N, -100, 100, options );
+ p = uniform( N1, -100, 100, options );
+ a = uniform( N2, -100, 100, options );
+ w = [];
+ for ( i = 0; i < N+N1+N2-1; i++ ) {
+ w.push( 0.0 );
+ }
+ o = [];
+ for ( i = 0; i < ol; i++ ) {
+ o.push( 0.0 );
+ }
+ return benchmark;
+
+ /**
+ * Benchmark function.
+ *
+ * @private
+ * @param {Benchmark} b - benchmark instance
+ */
+ function benchmark( b ) {
+ var i;
+
+ b.tic();
+ for ( i = 0; i < b.iterations; i++ ) {
+ gdiff( N, k, x, 1, 0, N1, p, 1, 0, N2, a, 1, 0, o, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 );
+ if ( isnan( o[ i%ol ] ) ) {
+ b.fail( 'should not return NaN' );
+ }
+ }
+ b.toc();
+ if ( isnan( o[ i%ol ] ) ) {
+ b.fail( 'should not return NaN' );
+ }
+ b.pass( 'benchmark finished' );
+ b.end();
+ }
+}
+
+
+// MAIN //
+
+/**
+* Main execution sequence.
+*
+* @private
+*/
+function main() {
+ var len;
+ var min;
+ var max;
+ var f;
+ var i;
+
+ min = 1; // 10^min
+ max = 6; // 10^max
+
+ for ( i = min; i <= max; i++ ) {
+ len = pow( 10, i );
+ f = createBenchmark( len );
+ bench( format( '%s:ndarray:len=%d', pkg, len ), f );
+ }
+}
+
+main();
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/gdiff/docs/repl.txt b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/gdiff/docs/repl.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..548531155a77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/gdiff/docs/repl.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+
+{{alias}}( N, k, x,sx, N1,p,sp, N2,a,sa, out,so, w,sw )
+ Calculates the k-th discrete forward differences of a strided array.
+
+ The `N` and stride parameters determine which elements in the strided arrays
+ are accessed at runtime.
+
+ Indexing is relative to the first index. To introduce an offset, use a typed
+ array view.
+
+ If `N <= 0`, the function returns the output array unchanged.
+
+ Parameters
+ ----------
+ N: integer
+ Number of indexed elements.
+
+ k: integer
+ Number of times to recursively compute differences.
+
+ x: Array|TypedArray
+ Input array.
+
+ sx: integer
+ Stride length for `x`.
+
+ N1: integer
+ Number of elements to `prepend`.
+
+ p: Array|TypedArray
+ Array containing values to prepend prior to computing differences.
+
+ sp: integer
+ Stride length for `prepend`.
+
+ N2: integer
+ Number of elements to `append`.
+
+ a: Array|TypedArray
+ Array containing values to append prior to computing differences.
+
+ sa: integer
+ Stride length for `append`.
+
+ out: Array|TypedArray
+ Output array.
+
+ so: integer
+ Stride length for `out`.
+
+ w: Array|TypedArray
+ Workspace array.
+
+ sw: integer
+ Stride length for `workspace`.
+
+ Returns
+ -------
+ out: Array|TypedArray
+ Output array.
+
+ Examples
+ --------
+ // Standard usage:
+ > var x = [ 1.0, -2.0, 2.0 ];
+ > var p = [ 0.0 ];
+ > var a = [ 3.0 ];
+ > var out = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ > var w = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ > {{alias}}( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 )
+ [ 1.0, -3.0, 4.0, 1.0 ]
+
+ // Using `N` and stride parameters:
+ > x = [ 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0 ];
+ > p = [ 1.0 ];
+ > a = [ 11.0 ];
+ > out = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ > w = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ > {{alias}}( 3, 1, x, 2, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 )
+ [ 1.0, 4.0, 4.0, 1.0 ]
+
+ // Using view offsets:
+ > var x0 = new {{alias:@stdlib/array/float64}}( [ 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0 ] );
+ > var x1 = new {{alias:@stdlib/array/float64}}( x0.buffer, x0.BYTES_PER_ELEMENT*1 );
+ > p = [ 1.0 ];
+ > a = [ 11.0 ];
+ > out = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ > w = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ > {{alias}}( x1.length, 1, x1, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 )
+ [ 3.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 1.0 ]
+
+
+{{alias}}.ndarray( N, k, x,sx,ox, N1,p,sp,op, N2,a,sa,oa, out,so,oo, w,sw,ow )
+ Calculates the k-th discrete forward differences of a strided array using
+ alternative indexing semantics.
+
+ While typed array views mandate a view offset based on the underlying
+ buffer, the offset parameters support indexing semantics based on starting
+ indices.
+
+ Parameters
+ ----------
+ N: integer
+ Number of indexed elements.
+
+ k: integer
+ Number of times to recursively compute differences.
+
+ x: Array|TypedArray
+ Input array.
+
+ sx: integer
+ Stride length for `x`.
+
+ ox: integer
+ Starting index for `x`.
+
+ N1: integer
+ Number of elements to `prepend`.
+
+ p: Array|TypedArray
+ Array containing values to prepend prior to computing differences.
+
+ sp: integer
+ Stride length for `prepend`.
+
+ op: integer
+ Starting index for `prepend`.
+
+ N2: integer
+ Number of elements to `append`.
+
+ a: Array|TypedArray
+ Array containing values to append prior to computing differences.
+
+ sa: integer
+ Stride length for `append`.
+
+ oa: integer
+ Starting index for `append`.
+
+ out: Array|TypedArray
+ Output array.
+
+ so: integer
+ Stride length for `out`.
+
+ oo: integer
+ Starting index for `out`.
+
+ w: Array|TypedArray
+ Workspace array.
+
+ sw: integer
+ Stride length for `workspace`.
+
+ ow: integer
+ Starting index for `workspace`.
+
+ Returns
+ -------
+ out: Array|TypedArray
+ Output array.
+
+ Examples
+ --------
+ // Standard usage:
+ > var x = [ 1.0, -2.0, 2.0 ];
+ > var p = [ 0.0 ];
+ > var a = [ 3.0 ];
+ > var out = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ > var w = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ > {{alias}}.ndarray( 3, 1, x,1,0, 1, p,1,0, 1, a,1,0, out,1,0, w,1,0 )
+ [ 1.0, -3.0, 4.0, 1.0 ]
+
+ // Advanced indexing:
+ > x = [ 1.0, -2.0, 2.0 ];
+ > p = [ 0.0 ];
+ > a = [ 3.0 ];
+ > out = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ > w = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ > {{alias}}.ndarray( 2, 1, x,1,1, 1, p,1,0, 1, a,1,0, out,1,0, w,1,0 )
+ [ -2.0, 4.0, 1.0 ]
+
+ See Also
+ --------
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/gdiff/docs/types/index.d.ts b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/gdiff/docs/types/index.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..ac12b28d94e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/gdiff/docs/types/index.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+/*
+* @license Apache-2.0
+*
+* Copyright (c) 2026 The Stdlib Authors.
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+// TypeScript Version: 4.1
+
+///
+
+import { Collection } from '@stdlib/types/array';
+
+/**
+* Interface describing `gdiff`.
+*/
+interface Routine {
+ /**
+ * Calculates the k-th discrete forward difference of a strided array.
+ *
+ * @param N - number of indexed elements
+ * @param k - number of times to recursively compute differences
+ * @param x - input array
+ * @param strideX - stride length for `x`
+ * @param N1 - number of indexed elements of prepend
+ * @param prepend - prepend array
+ * @param strideP - stride length for `prepend`
+ * @param N2 - number of indexed elements of append
+ * @param append - append array
+ * @param strideA - stride length for `append`
+ * @param out - output array
+ * @param strideOut - stride length for `out`
+ * @param workspace - workspace array
+ * @param strideW - stride length for `workspace`
+ * @returns output array
+ *
+ * @example
+ * var x = [ 2.0, 4.0, 7.0, 11.0, 16.0 ];
+ * var p = [ 1.0 ];
+ * var a = [ 22.0 ];
+ * var out = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ * var w = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ *
+ * gdiff( x.length, 2, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 );
+ *
+ * console.log( out );
+ * // => [ 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 ]
+ */
+ ( N: number, k: number, x: Collection, strideX: number, N1: number, prepend: Collection, strideP: number, N2: number, append: Collection, strideA: number, out: Collection, strideOut: number, workspace: Collection, strideW: number ): Collection;
+
+ /**
+ * Calculates the k-th discrete forward difference of a strided array using alternative indexing semantics.
+ *
+ * @param N - number of indexed elements
+ * @param k - number of times to recursively compute differences
+ * @param x - input array
+ * @param strideX - stride length for `x`
+ * @param offsetX - starting index for `x`
+ * @param N1 - number of indexed elements of prepend
+ * @param prepend - prepend array
+ * @param strideP - stride length for `prepend`
+ * @param offsetP - starting index for `prepend`
+ * @param N2 - number of indexed elements of append
+ * @param append - append array
+ * @param strideA - stride length for `append`
+ * @param offsetA - starting index for `append`
+ * @param out - output array
+ * @param strideOut - stride length for `out`
+ * @param offsetOut - starting index for `out`
+ * @param workspace - workspace array
+ * @param strideW - stride length for `workspace`
+ * @param offsetW - starting index for `workspace`
+ * @returns output array
+ *
+ * @example
+ * var x = [ 2.0, 4.0, 7.0, 11.0, 16.0 ];
+ * var p = [ 1.0 ];
+ * var a = [ 22.0 ];
+ * var out = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ * var w = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ *
+ * gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 2, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 );
+ *
+ * console.log( out );
+ * // => [ 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 ]
+ */
+ ndarray( N: number, k: number, x: Collection, strideX: number, offsetX: number, N1: number, prepend: Collection, strideP: number, offsetP: number, N2: number, append: Collection, strideA: number, offsetA: number, out: Collection, strideOut: number, offsetOut: number, workspace: Collection, strideW: number, offsetW: number ): Collection;
+}
+
+/**
+* Calculates the k-th discrete forward difference of a strided array.
+*
+* @param N - number of indexed elements
+* @param k - number of times to recursively compute differences
+* @param x - input array
+* @param strideX - stride length for `x`
+* @param N1 - number of indexed elements of prepend
+* @param prepend - prepend array
+* @param strideP - stride length for `prepend`
+* @param N2 - number of indexed elements of append
+* @param append - append array
+* @param strideA - stride length for `append`
+* @param out - output array
+* @param strideOut - stride length for `out`
+* @param workspace - workspace array
+* @param strideW - stride length for `workspace`
+* @returns output array
+*
+* @example
+* var x = [ 2.0, 4.0, 7.0, 11.0, 16.0 ];
+* var p = [ 1.0 ];
+* var a = [ 22.0 ];
+* var out = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+* var w = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+*
+* gdiff( x.length, 2, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 );
+*
+* console.log( out );
+* // => [ 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 ]
+*
+* @example
+* var x = [ 2.0, 4.0, 7.0, 11.0, 16.0 ];
+* var p = [ 1.0 ];
+* var a = [ 22.0 ];
+* var out = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+* var w = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+*
+* gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 2, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 );
+*
+* console.log( out );
+* // => [ 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 ]
+*/
+declare var gdiff: Routine;
+
+
+// EXPORTS //
+
+export = gdiff;
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/gdiff/docs/types/test.ts b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/gdiff/docs/types/test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..84cf244be0ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/gdiff/docs/types/test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,663 @@
+/*
+* @license Apache-2.0
+*
+* Copyright (c) 2026 The Stdlib Authors.
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+import gdiff = require( './index' );
+
+
+// TESTS //
+
+// The function returns a collection...
+{
+ const x = [ 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 ];
+ const p = [ 0.0 ];
+ const a = [ 6.0 ];
+ const out = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ const w = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectType Collection
+}
+
+// The compiler throws an error if the function is provided a first argument which is not a number...
+{
+ const x = [ 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 ];
+ const p = [ 0.0 ];
+ const a = [ 6.0 ];
+ const out = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ const w = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+
+ gdiff( '10', 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( true, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( false, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( null, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( undefined, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( [], 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( {}, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( ( x: number ): number => x, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+}
+
+// The compiler throws an error if the function is provided a second argument which is not a number...
+{
+ const x = [ 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 ];
+ const p = [ 0.0 ];
+ const a = [ 6.0 ];
+ const out = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ const w = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+
+ gdiff( x.length, '10', x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( x.length, true, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( x.length, false, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( x.length, null, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( x.length, undefined, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( x.length, [], x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( x.length, {}, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( x.length, ( x: number ): number => x, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+}
+
+// The compiler throws an error if the function is provided a third argument which is not a collection...
+{
+ const p = [ 0.0 ];
+ const a = [ 6.0 ];
+ const out = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ const w = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+
+ gdiff( 5, 1, 10, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( 5, 1, true, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( 5, 1, false, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( 5, 1, null, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( 5, 1, undefined, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( 5, 1, {}, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+}
+
+// The compiler throws an error if the function is provided a fourth argument which is not a number...
+{
+ const x = [ 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 ];
+ const p = [ 0.0 ];
+ const a = [ 6.0 ];
+ const out = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ const w = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, '10', 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, true, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, false, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, null, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, undefined, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, [], 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, {}, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, ( x: number ): number => x, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+}
+
+// The compiler throws an error if the function is provided a fifth argument which is not a number...
+{
+ const x = [ 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 ];
+ const p = [ 0.0 ];
+ const a = [ 6.0 ];
+ const out = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ const w = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, '10', p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, true, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, false, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, null, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, undefined, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, [], p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, {}, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, ( x: number ): number => x, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+}
+
+// The compiler throws an error if the function is provided a sixth argument which is not a collection...
+{
+ const x = [ 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 ];
+ const a = [ 6.0 ];
+ const out = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ const w = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, 10, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, true, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, false, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, null, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, undefined, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, {}, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+}
+
+// The compiler throws an error if the function is provided a seventh argument which is not a number...
+{
+ const x = [ 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 ];
+ const p = [ 0.0 ];
+ const a = [ 6.0 ];
+ const out = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ const w = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, '10', 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, true, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, false, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, null, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, undefined, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, [], 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, {}, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, ( x: number ): number => x, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+}
+
+// The compiler throws an error if the function is provided an eighth argument which is not a number...
+{
+ const x = [ 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 ];
+ const p = [ 0.0 ];
+ const a = [ 6.0 ];
+ const out = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ const w = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, '10', a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, true, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, false, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, null, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, undefined, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, [], a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, {}, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, ( x: number ): number => x, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+}
+
+// The compiler throws an error if the function is provided a ninth argument which is not a collection...
+{
+ const x = [ 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 ];
+ const p = [ 0.0 ];
+ const out = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ const w = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, 10, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, true, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, false, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, null, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, undefined, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, {}, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+}
+
+// The compiler throws an error if the function is provided a tenth argument which is not a number...
+{
+ const x = [ 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 ];
+ const p = [ 0.0 ];
+ const a = [ 6.0 ];
+ const out = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ const w = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, '10', out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, true, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, false, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, null, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, undefined, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, [], out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, {}, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, ( x: number ): number => x, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+}
+
+// The compiler throws an error if the function is provided an eleventh argument which is not a collection...
+{
+ const x = [ 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 ];
+ const p = [ 0.0 ];
+ const a = [ 6.0 ];
+ const w = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, 10, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, true, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, false, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, null, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, undefined, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, {}, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+}
+
+// The compiler throws an error if the function is provided a twelfth argument which is not a number...
+{
+ const x = [ 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 ];
+ const p = [ 0.0 ];
+ const a = [ 6.0 ];
+ const out = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ const w = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, '10', w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, true, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, false, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, null, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, undefined, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, [], w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, {}, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, ( x: number ): number => x, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+}
+
+// The compiler throws an error if the function is provided a thirteenth argument which is not a collection...
+{
+ const x = [ 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 ];
+ const p = [ 0.0 ];
+ const a = [ 6.0 ];
+ const out = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, 10, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, true, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, false, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, null, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, undefined, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, {}, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+}
+
+// The compiler throws an error if the function is provided a fourteenth argument which is not a number...
+{
+ const x = [ 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 ];
+ const p = [ 0.0 ];
+ const a = [ 6.0 ];
+ const out = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ const w = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, '10' ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, true ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, false ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, null ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, undefined ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, [] ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, {} ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, ( x: number ): number => x ); // $ExpectError
+}
+
+// The compiler throws an error if the function is provided an unsupported number of arguments...
+{
+ const x = [ 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 ];
+ const p = [ 0.0 ];
+ const a = [ 6.0 ];
+ const out = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ const w = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+
+ gdiff(); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( x.length ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( x.length, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1, 10 ); // $ExpectError
+}
+
+// Attached to main export is an `ndarray` method which returns a collection...
+{
+ const x = [ 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 ];
+ const p = [ 0.0 ];
+ const a = [ 6.0 ];
+ const out = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ const w = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectType Collection
+}
+
+// The compiler throws an error if the `ndarray` method is provided a first argument which is not a number...
+{
+ const x = [ 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 ];
+ const p = [ 0.0 ];
+ const a = [ 6.0 ];
+ const out = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ const w = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+
+ gdiff.ndarray( '10', 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( true, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( false, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( null, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( undefined, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( [], 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( {}, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( ( x: number ): number => x, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+}
+
+// The compiler throws an error if the `ndarray` method is provided a second argument which is not a number...
+{
+ const x = [ 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 ];
+ const p = [ 0.0 ];
+ const a = [ 6.0 ];
+ const out = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ const w = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, '10', x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, true, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, false, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, null, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, undefined, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, [], x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, {}, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, ( x: number ): number => x, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+}
+
+// The compiler throws an error if the `ndarray` method is provided a third argument which is not a collection...
+{
+ const p = [ 0.0 ];
+ const a = [ 6.0 ];
+ const out = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ const w = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+
+ gdiff.ndarray( 5, 1, 10, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( 5, 1, true, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( 5, 1, false, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( 5, 1, null, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( 5, 1, undefined, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( 5, 1, {}, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+}
+
+// The compiler throws an error if the `ndarray` method is provided a fourth argument which is not a number...
+{
+ const x = [ 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 ];
+ const p = [ 0.0 ];
+ const a = [ 6.0 ];
+ const out = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ const w = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, '10', 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, true, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, false, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, null, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, undefined, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, [], 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, {}, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, ( x: number ): number => x, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+}
+
+// The compiler throws an error if the `ndarray` method is provided a fifth argument which is not a number...
+{
+ const x = [ 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 ];
+ const p = [ 0.0 ];
+ const a = [ 6.0 ];
+ const out = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ const w = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, '10', 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, true, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, false, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, null, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, undefined, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, [], 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, {}, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, ( x: number ): number => x, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+}
+
+// The compiler throws an error if the `ndarray` method is provided a sixth argument which is not a number...
+{
+ const x = [ 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 ];
+ const p = [ 0.0 ];
+ const a = [ 6.0 ];
+ const out = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ const w = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, '10', p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, true, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, false, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, null, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, undefined, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, [], p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, {}, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, ( x: number ): number => x, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+}
+
+// The compiler throws an error if the `ndarray` method is provided a seventh argument which is not a collection...
+{
+ const x = [ 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 ];
+ const a = [ 6.0 ];
+ const out = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ const w = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, 10, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, true, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, false, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, null, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, undefined, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, {}, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+}
+
+// The compiler throws an error if the `ndarray` method is provided an eighth argument which is not a number...
+{
+ const x = [ 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 ];
+ const p = [ 0.0 ];
+ const a = [ 6.0 ];
+ const out = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ const w = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, '10', 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, true, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, false, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, null, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, undefined, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, [], 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, {}, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, ( x: number ): number => x, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+}
+
+// The compiler throws an error if the `ndarray` method is provided a ninth argument which is not a number...
+{
+ const x = [ 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 ];
+ const p = [ 0.0 ];
+ const a = [ 6.0 ];
+ const out = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ const w = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, '10', 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, true, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, false, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, null, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, undefined, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, [], 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, {}, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, ( x: number ): number => x, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+}
+
+// The compiler throws an error if the `ndarray` method is provided a tenth argument which is not a number...
+{
+ const x = [ 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 ];
+ const p = [ 0.0 ];
+ const a = [ 6.0 ];
+ const out = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ const w = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, '10', a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, true, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, false, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, null, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, undefined, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, [], a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, {}, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, ( x: number ): number => x, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+}
+
+// The compiler throws an error if the `ndarray` method is provided an eleventh argument which is not a collection...
+{
+ const x = [ 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 ];
+ const p = [ 0.0 ];
+ const out = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ const w = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, 10, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, true, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, false, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, null, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, undefined, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, {}, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+}
+
+// The compiler throws an error if the `ndarray` method is provided a twelfth argument which is not a number...
+{
+ const x = [ 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 ];
+ const p = [ 0.0 ];
+ const a = [ 6.0 ];
+ const out = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ const w = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, '10', 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, true, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, false, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, null, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, undefined, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, [], 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, {}, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, ( x: number ): number => x, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+}
+
+// The compiler throws an error if the `ndarray` method is provided a thirteenth argument which is not a number...
+{
+ const x = [ 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 ];
+ const p = [ 0.0 ];
+ const a = [ 6.0 ];
+ const out = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ const w = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, '10', out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, true, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, false, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, null, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, undefined, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, [], out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, {}, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, ( x: number ): number => x, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+}
+
+// The compiler throws an error if the `ndarray` method is provided a fourteenth argument which is not a collection...
+{
+ const x = [ 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 ];
+ const p = [ 0.0 ];
+ const a = [ 6.0 ];
+ const w = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, 10, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, true, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, false, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, null, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, undefined, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, {}, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+}
+
+// The compiler throws an error if the `ndarray` method is provided a fifteenth argument which is not a number...
+{
+ const x = [ 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 ];
+ const p = [ 0.0 ];
+ const a = [ 6.0 ];
+ const out = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ const w = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, '10', 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, true, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, false, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, null, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, undefined, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, [], 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, {}, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, ( x: number ): number => x, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+}
+
+// The compiler throws an error if the `ndarray` method is provided a sixteenth argument which is not a number...
+{
+ const x = [ 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 ];
+ const p = [ 0.0 ];
+ const a = [ 6.0 ];
+ const out = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ const w = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, '10', w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, true, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, false, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, null, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, undefined, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, [], w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, {}, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, ( x: number ): number => x, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+}
+
+// The compiler throws an error if the `ndarray` method is provided a seventeenth argument which is not a collection...
+{
+ const x = [ 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 ];
+ const p = [ 0.0 ];
+ const a = [ 6.0 ];
+ const out = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, 10, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, true, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, false, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, null, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, undefined, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, {}, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+}
+
+// The compiler throws an error if the `ndarray` method is provided an eighteenth argument which is not a number...
+{
+ const x = [ 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 ];
+ const p = [ 0.0 ];
+ const a = [ 6.0 ];
+ const out = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ const w = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, '10', 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, true, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, false, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, null, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, undefined, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, [], 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, {}, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, ( x: number ): number => x, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+}
+
+// The compiler throws an error if the `ndarray` method is provided a nineteenth argument which is not a number...
+{
+ const x = [ 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 ];
+ const p = [ 0.0 ];
+ const a = [ 6.0 ];
+ const out = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ const w = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, '10' ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, true ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, false ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, null ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, undefined ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, [] ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, {} ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, ( x: number ): number => x ); // $ExpectError
+}
+
+// The compiler throws an error if the `ndarray` method is provided an unsupported number of arguments...
+{
+ const x = [ 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 ];
+ const p = [ 0.0 ];
+ const a = [ 6.0 ];
+ const out = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ const w = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+
+ gdiff.ndarray(); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+ gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0, 10 ); // $ExpectError
+}
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/gdiff/examples/index.js b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/gdiff/examples/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..5eca2464bbc9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/gdiff/examples/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/**
+* @license Apache-2.0
+*
+* Copyright (c) 2026 The Stdlib Authors.
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+'use strict';
+
+var discreteUniform = require( '@stdlib/random/array/discrete-uniform' );
+var zeros = require( '@stdlib/array/zeros' );
+var gdiff = require( './../lib' );
+
+var x = discreteUniform( 10, -100, 100, {
+ 'dtype': 'generic'
+});
+console.log( 'Input array: ', x );
+
+var p = discreteUniform( 2, -100, 100, {
+ 'dtype': 'generic'
+});
+console.log( 'Prepend array: ', p );
+
+var a = discreteUniform( 2, -100, 100, {
+ 'dtype': 'generic'
+});
+console.log( 'Append array: ', a );
+
+var out = zeros( 10, 'generic' );
+
+var w = zeros( 13, 'generic' );
+
+gdiff( x.length, 4, x, 1, 2, p, 1, 2, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 );
+console.log( 'Output', out );
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/gdiff/lib/accessors.js b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/gdiff/lib/accessors.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..1df8dc9f9ec4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/gdiff/lib/accessors.js
@@ -0,0 +1,274 @@
+/**
+* @license Apache-2.0
+*
+* Copyright (c) 2026 The Stdlib Authors.
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+/* eslint-disable max-params, max-len */
+
+'use strict';
+
+// MODULES //
+
+var gcopy = require( '@stdlib/blas/base/gcopy' );
+
+
+// FUNCTIONS //
+
+/**
+* Calculates the forward difference of a strided array using alternative indexing semantics and accessor arrays.
+*
+* @private
+* @param {PositiveInteger} N - number of indexed elements
+* @param {Object} x - input array object
+* @param {Collection} x.data - input array data
+* @param {Array} x.accessors - array element accessors
+* @param {integer} strideX - stride length for `x`
+* @param {NonNegativeInteger} offsetX - starting index for `x`
+* @param {NonNegativeInteger} N1 - number of indexed elements of prepend
+* @param {Object} prepend - prepend array object
+* @param {Collection} prepend.data - prepend array data
+* @param {Array} prepend.accessors - array element accessors
+* @param {integer} strideP - stride length for `prepend`
+* @param {NonNegativeInteger} offsetP - starting index for `prepend`
+* @param {NonNegativeInteger} N2 - number of indexed elements of append
+* @param {Object} append - append array object
+* @param {Collection} append.data - append array data
+* @param {Array} append.accessors - array element accessors
+* @param {integer} strideA - stride length for `append`
+* @param {NonNegativeInteger} offsetA - starting index for `append`
+* @param {Object} out - output array object
+* @param {Collection} out.data - output array data
+* @param {Array} out.accessors - array element accessors
+* @param {integer} strideOut - stride length for `out`
+* @param {NonNegativeInteger} offsetOut - starting index for `out`
+* @returns {Object} output array object
+*/
+function base( N, x, strideX, offsetX, N1, prepend, strideP, offsetP, N2, append, strideA, offsetA, out, strideOut, offsetOut ) {
+ var total;
+ var xget;
+ var pget;
+ var aget;
+ var oset;
+ var xbuf;
+ var pbuf;
+ var abuf;
+ var obuf;
+ var prev;
+ var curr;
+ var ix;
+ var io;
+ var ip;
+ var ia;
+ var i;
+
+ total = N + N1 + N2;
+ if ( total <= 1 ) {
+ return out;
+ }
+
+ // Cache references to array data and accessors:
+ xbuf = x.data;
+ xget = x.accessors[ 0 ];
+ pbuf = prepend.data;
+ pget = prepend.accessors[ 0 ];
+ abuf = append.data;
+ aget = append.accessors[ 0 ];
+ obuf = out.data;
+ oset = out.accessors[ 1 ];
+
+ if ( N1 === 0 && N2 === 0 ) {
+ ix = offsetX;
+ io = offsetOut;
+ prev = xget( xbuf, ix );
+ for ( i = 1; i < N; i++ ) {
+ ix += strideX;
+ curr = xget( xbuf, ix );
+ oset( obuf, io, curr - prev );
+ prev = curr;
+ io += strideOut;
+ }
+ return out;
+ }
+
+ // Prepend
+ if ( N1 > 0 ) {
+ io = offsetOut;
+ ip = offsetP;
+ prev = pget( pbuf, ip );
+ for ( i = 1; i < N1; i++ ) {
+ ip += strideP;
+ curr = pget( pbuf, ip );
+ oset( obuf, io, curr - prev );
+ prev = curr;
+ io += strideOut;
+ }
+ if ( N > 0 ) {
+ curr = xget( xbuf, offsetX );
+ oset( obuf, io, curr - prev );
+ prev = curr;
+ io += strideOut;
+ } else if ( N2 > 0 ) {
+ curr = aget( abuf, offsetA );
+ oset( obuf, io, curr - prev );
+ prev = curr;
+ io += strideOut;
+ }
+ } else if ( N > 0 ) {
+ prev = xget( xbuf, offsetX );
+ io = offsetOut;
+ } else {
+ prev = aget( abuf, offsetA );
+ io = offsetOut;
+ }
+
+ // x
+ if ( N > 0 ) {
+ ix = offsetX;
+ if ( N1 === 0 ) {
+ prev = xget( xbuf, ix );
+ ix += strideX;
+ for ( i = 1; i < N; i++ ) {
+ curr = xget( xbuf, ix );
+ oset( obuf, io, curr - prev );
+ prev = curr;
+ io += strideOut;
+ ix += strideX;
+ }
+ } else {
+ ix += strideX;
+ for ( i = 1; i < N; i++ ) {
+ curr = xget( xbuf, ix );
+ oset( obuf, io, curr - prev );
+ prev = curr;
+ io += strideOut;
+ ix += strideX;
+ }
+ }
+ if ( N2 > 0 ) {
+ curr = aget( abuf, offsetA );
+ oset( obuf, io, curr - prev );
+ prev = curr;
+ io += strideOut;
+ }
+ }
+
+ // Append
+ if ( N2 > 0 ) {
+ ia = offsetA + strideA;
+ for ( i = 1; i < N2; i++ ) {
+ curr = aget( abuf, ia );
+ oset( obuf, io, curr - prev );
+ prev = curr;
+ io += strideOut;
+ ia += strideA;
+ }
+ }
+ return out;
+}
+
+
+// MAIN //
+
+/**
+* Calculates the k-th discrete forward difference of a strided array using alternative indexing semantics and accessor arrays.
+*
+* @private
+* @param {PositiveInteger} N - number of indexed elements
+* @param {PositiveInteger} k - number of times to recursively compute differences
+* @param {Object} x - input array object
+* @param {Collection} x.data - input array data
+* @param {Array} x.accessors - array element accessors
+* @param {integer} strideX - stride length for `x`
+* @param {NonNegativeInteger} offsetX - starting index for `x`
+* @param {NonNegativeInteger} N1 - number of indexed elements of prepend
+* @param {Object} prepend - prepend array object
+* @param {Collection} prepend.data - prepend array data
+* @param {Array} prepend.accessors - array element accessors
+* @param {integer} strideP - stride length for `prepend`
+* @param {NonNegativeInteger} offsetP - starting index for `prepend`
+* @param {NonNegativeInteger} N2 - number of indexed elements of append
+* @param {Object} append - append array object
+* @param {Collection} append.data - append array data
+* @param {Array} append.accessors - array element accessors
+* @param {integer} strideA - stride length for `append`
+* @param {NonNegativeInteger} offsetA - starting index for `append`
+* @param {Object} out - output array object
+* @param {Collection} out.data - output array data
+* @param {Array} out.accessors - array element accessors
+* @param {integer} strideOut - stride length for `out`
+* @param {NonNegativeInteger} offsetOut - starting index for `out`
+* @param {Object} workspace - workspace array object
+* @param {Collection} workspace.data - workspace array data
+* @param {Array} workspace.accessors - array element accessors
+* @param {integer} strideW - stride length for `workspace`
+* @param {NonNegativeInteger} offsetW - starting index for `workspace`
+* @returns {Object} output array object
+*
+* @example
+* var toAccessorArray = require( '@stdlib/array/base/to-accessor-array' );
+* var arraylike2object = require( '@stdlib/array/base/arraylike2object' );
+*
+* var x = toAccessorArray( [ 2.0, 4.0, 7.0, 11.0, 16.0 ] );
+* var p = toAccessorArray( [ 1.0 ] );
+* var a = toAccessorArray( [ 22.0 ] );
+* var out = toAccessorArray( [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ] );
+* var w = toAccessorArray( [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ] );
+*
+* gdiff( 5, 2, arraylike2object( x ), 1, 0, 1, arraylike2object( p ), 1, 0, 1, arraylike2object( a ), 1, 0, arraylike2object( out ), 1, 0, arraylike2object( w ), 1, 0 );
+*
+* var o = out.get( 0 );
+* // returns 1.0
+*/
+function gdiff( N, k, x, strideX, offsetX, N1, prepend, strideP, offsetP, N2, append, strideA, offsetA, out, strideOut, offsetOut, workspace, strideW, offsetW ) {
+ var total;
+ var io;
+ var n;
+ var i;
+
+ total = N + N1 + N2;
+ if ( k === 0 ) {
+ // Copy `prepend` into output array:
+ gcopy.ndarray( N1, prepend.data, strideP, offsetP, out.data, strideOut, offsetOut );
+
+ // Copy `x` into output array:
+ io = offsetOut + ( N1 * strideOut );
+ gcopy.ndarray( N, x.data, strideX, offsetX, out.data, strideOut, io );
+
+ // Copy `append` into output array:
+ io = offsetOut + ( ( N1 + N ) * strideOut );
+ gcopy.ndarray( N2, append.data, strideA, offsetA, out.data, strideOut, io );
+
+ return out;
+ }
+ if ( k === 1 ) {
+ base( N, x, strideX, offsetX, N1, prepend, strideP, offsetP, N2, append, strideA, offsetA, out, strideOut, offsetOut );
+ return out;
+ }
+ base( N, x, strideX, offsetX, N1, prepend, strideP, offsetP, N2, append, strideA, offsetA, workspace, strideW, offsetW );
+
+ n = total - 1;
+ for ( i = 1; i < k - 1; i++ ) {
+ base( n, workspace, strideW, offsetW, 0, prepend, strideP, offsetP, 0, append, strideA, offsetA, workspace, strideW, offsetW );
+ n -= 1;
+ }
+ base( n, workspace, strideW, offsetW, 0, prepend, strideP, offsetP, 0, append, strideA, offsetA, out, strideOut, offsetOut );
+ return out;
+}
+
+
+// EXPORTS //
+
+module.exports = gdiff;
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/gdiff/lib/gdiff.js b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/gdiff/lib/gdiff.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..13e0802dff12
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/gdiff/lib/gdiff.js
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+/**
+* @license Apache-2.0
+*
+* Copyright (c) 2026 The Stdlib Authors.
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+/* eslint-disable max-params, max-len */
+
+'use strict';
+
+// MODULES //
+
+var stride2offset = require( '@stdlib/strided/base/stride2offset' );
+var ndarray = require( './ndarray.js' );
+
+
+// MAIN //
+
+/**
+* Calculates the k-th discrete forward difference of a strided array.
+*
+* @param {PositiveInteger} N - number of indexed elements
+* @param {PositiveInteger} k - number of times to recursively compute differences
+* @param {NumericArray} x - input array
+* @param {integer} strideX - stride length for `x`
+* @param {NonNegativeInteger} N1 - number of indexed elements of prepend
+* @param {NumericArray} prepend - prepend array
+* @param {integer} strideP - stride length for `prepend`
+* @param {NonNegativeInteger} N2 - number of indexed elements of append
+* @param {NumericArray} append - append array
+* @param {integer} strideA - stride length for `append`
+* @param {NumericArray} out - output array
+* @param {integer} strideOut - stride length for `out`
+* @param {NumericArray} workspace - workspace array
+* @param {integer} strideW - stride length for `workspace`
+* @returns {NumericArray} output array
+*
+* @example
+* var x = [ 2.0, 4.0, 7.0, 11.0, 16.0 ];
+* var p = [ 1.0 ];
+* var a = [ 22.0 ];
+* var out = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+* var w = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+*
+* gdiff( x.length, 2, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 );
+*
+* console.log( out );
+* // => [ 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 ]
+*/
+function gdiff( N, k, x, strideX, N1, prepend, strideP, N2, append, strideA, out, strideOut, workspace, strideW ) {
+ var ox = stride2offset( N, strideX );
+ var op = stride2offset( N1, strideP );
+ var oa = stride2offset( N2, strideA );
+ var oo = stride2offset( N + N1 + N2 - k, strideOut );
+ var ow = stride2offset( N + N1 + N2 - 1, strideW );
+ ndarray( N, k, x, strideX, ox, N1, prepend, strideP, op, N2, append, strideA, oa, out, strideOut, oo, workspace, strideW, ow );
+ return out;
+}
+
+
+// EXPORTS //
+
+module.exports = gdiff;
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/gdiff/lib/index.js b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/gdiff/lib/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..ced6881ce5ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/gdiff/lib/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+/**
+* @license Apache-2.0
+*
+* Copyright (c) 2026 The Stdlib Authors.
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+'use strict';
+
+/**
+* Calculate the k-th discrete forward difference of a strided array.
+*
+* @module @stdlib/blas/ext/base/gdiff
+*
+* @example
+* var gdiff = require( '@stdlib/blas/ext/base/gdiff' );
+*
+* var x = [ 2.0, 4.0, 7.0, 11.0, 16.0 ];
+* var p = [ 1.0 ];
+* var a = [ 22.0 ];
+* var out = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+* var w = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+*
+* gdiff( x.length, 2, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 );
+*
+* console.log( out );
+* // => [ 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 ]
+*
+* @example
+* var gdiff = require( '@stdlib/blas/ext/base/gdiff' );
+*
+* var x = [ 2.0, 4.0, 7.0, 11.0, 16.0 ];
+* var p = [ 1.0 ];
+* var a = [ 22.0 ];
+* var out = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+* var w = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+*
+* gdiff.ndarray( x.length, 2, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 );
+*
+* console.log( out );
+* // => [ 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 ]
+*/
+
+// MODULES //
+
+var main = require( './main.js' );
+
+
+// EXPORTS //
+
+module.exports = main;
+
+// exports: { "ndarray": "main.ndarray" }
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/gdiff/lib/main.js b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/gdiff/lib/main.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..04e1796929b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/gdiff/lib/main.js
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+/**
+* @license Apache-2.0
+*
+* Copyright (c) 2026 The Stdlib Authors.
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+'use strict';
+
+// MODULES //
+
+var setReadOnly = require( '@stdlib/utils/define-nonenumerable-read-only-property' );
+var gdiff = require( './gdiff.js' );
+var ndarray = require( './ndarray.js' );
+
+
+// MAIN //
+
+setReadOnly( gdiff, 'ndarray', ndarray );
+
+
+// EXPORTS //
+
+module.exports = gdiff;
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/gdiff/lib/ndarray.js b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/gdiff/lib/ndarray.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..a09a8c5ec972
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/gdiff/lib/ndarray.js
@@ -0,0 +1,263 @@
+/**
+* @license Apache-2.0
+*
+* Copyright (c) 2026 The Stdlib Authors.
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+/* eslint-disable max-params, max-len */
+
+'use strict';
+
+// MODULES //
+
+var gcopy = require( '@stdlib/blas/base/gcopy' );
+var arraylike2object = require( '@stdlib/array/base/arraylike2object' );
+var accessors = require( './accessors.js' );
+
+
+// FUNCTIONS //
+
+/**
+* Calculates the forward difference of a strided array using alternative indexing semantics.
+*
+* @private
+* @param {PositiveInteger} N - number of indexed elements
+* @param {NumericArray} x - input array
+* @param {integer} strideX - stride length for `x`
+* @param {NonNegativeInteger} offsetX - starting index for `x`
+* @param {NonNegativeInteger} N1 - number of indexed elements of prepend
+* @param {NumericArray} prepend - prepend array
+* @param {integer} strideP - stride length for `prepend`
+* @param {NonNegativeInteger} offsetP - starting index for `prepend`
+* @param {NonNegativeInteger} N2 - number of indexed elements of append
+* @param {NumericArray} append - append array
+* @param {integer} strideA - stride length for `append`
+* @param {NonNegativeInteger} offsetA - starting index for `append`
+* @param {NumericArray} out - output array
+* @param {integer} strideOut - stride length for `out`
+* @param {NonNegativeInteger} offsetOut - starting index for `out`
+* @returns {NumericArray} output array
+*/
+function base( N, x, strideX, offsetX, N1, prepend, strideP, offsetP, N2, append, strideA, offsetA, out, strideOut, offsetOut ) {
+ var total;
+ var prev;
+ var curr;
+ var ix;
+ var io;
+ var ip;
+ var ia;
+ var i;
+
+ total = N + N1 + N2;
+ if ( total <= 1 ) {
+ return out;
+ }
+
+ if ( N1 === 0 && N2 === 0 ) {
+ ix = offsetX;
+ io = offsetOut;
+ prev = x[ ix ];
+ for ( i = 1; i < N; i++ ) {
+ ix += strideX;
+ curr = x[ ix ];
+ out[ io ] = curr - prev;
+ prev = curr;
+ io += strideOut;
+ }
+ return out;
+ }
+
+ // Prepend
+ if ( N1 > 0 ) {
+ io = offsetOut;
+ ip = offsetP;
+ prev = prepend[ ip ];
+ for ( i = 1; i < N1; i++ ) {
+ ip += strideP;
+ curr = prepend[ ip ];
+ out[ io ] = curr - prev;
+ prev = curr;
+ io += strideOut;
+ }
+ if ( N > 0 ) {
+ curr = x[ offsetX ];
+ out[ io ] = curr - prev;
+ prev = curr;
+ io += strideOut;
+ } else if ( N2 > 0 ) {
+ curr = append[ offsetA ];
+ out[ io ] = curr - prev;
+ prev = curr;
+ io += strideOut;
+ }
+ } else if ( N > 0 ) {
+ prev = x[ offsetX ];
+ io = offsetOut;
+ } else {
+ prev = append[ offsetA ];
+ io = offsetOut;
+ }
+
+ // x
+ if ( N > 0 ) {
+ ix = offsetX;
+ if ( N1 === 0 ) {
+ prev = x[ ix ];
+ ix += strideX;
+ for ( i = 1; i < N; i++ ) {
+ curr = x[ ix ];
+ out[ io ] = curr - prev;
+ prev = curr;
+ io += strideOut;
+ ix += strideX;
+ }
+ } else {
+ ix += strideX;
+ for ( i = 1; i < N; i++ ) {
+ curr = x[ ix ];
+ out[ io ] = curr - prev;
+ prev = curr;
+ io += strideOut;
+ ix += strideX;
+ }
+ }
+ if ( N2 > 0 ) {
+ curr = append[ offsetA ];
+ out[ io ] = curr - prev;
+ prev = curr;
+ io += strideOut;
+ }
+ }
+
+ // Append
+ if ( N2 > 0 ) {
+ ia = offsetA + strideA;
+ for ( i = 1; i < N2; i++ ) {
+ curr = append[ ia ];
+ out[ io ] = curr - prev;
+ prev = curr;
+ io += strideOut;
+ ia += strideA;
+ }
+ }
+ return out;
+}
+
+
+// MAIN //
+
+/**
+* Calculates the k-th discrete forward difference of a strided array using alternative indexing semantics.
+*
+* @param {PositiveInteger} N - number of indexed elements
+* @param {PositiveInteger} k - number of times to recursively compute differences
+* @param {NumericArray} x - input array
+* @param {integer} strideX - stride length for `x`
+* @param {NonNegativeInteger} offsetX - starting index for `x`
+* @param {NonNegativeInteger} N1 - number of indexed elements of prepend
+* @param {NumericArray} prepend - prepend array
+* @param {integer} strideP - stride length for `prepend`
+* @param {NonNegativeInteger} offsetP - starting index for `prepend`
+* @param {NonNegativeInteger} N2 - number of indexed elements of append
+* @param {NumericArray} append - append array
+* @param {integer} strideA - stride length for `append`
+* @param {NonNegativeInteger} offsetA - starting index for `append`
+* @param {NumericArray} out - output array
+* @param {integer} strideOut - stride length for `out`
+* @param {NonNegativeInteger} offsetOut - starting index for `out`
+* @param {NumericArray} workspace - workspace array
+* @param {integer} strideW - stride length for `workspace`
+* @param {NonNegativeInteger} offsetW - starting index for `workspace`
+* @returns {NumericArray} output array
+*
+* @example
+* var x = [ 2.0, 4.0, 7.0, 11.0, 16.0 ];
+* var p = [ 1.0 ];
+* var a = [ 22.0 ];
+* var out = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+* var w = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+*
+* gdiff( x.length, 2, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 );
+*
+* console.log( out );
+* // => [ 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 ]
+*/
+function gdiff( N, k, x, strideX, offsetX, N1, prepend, strideP, offsetP, N2, append, strideA, offsetA, out, strideOut, offsetOut, workspace, strideW, offsetW ) {
+ var total;
+ var ox;
+ var op;
+ var oa;
+ var oo;
+ var ow;
+ var io;
+ var n;
+ var i;
+
+ total = N + N1 + N2;
+ if ( total <= 1 ) {
+ return out;
+ }
+
+ // If k >= total number of elements, the k-th forward difference results in an empty array, so this function is a no-op.
+ if ( k >= total ) {
+ return out;
+ }
+
+ ox = arraylike2object( x );
+ op = arraylike2object( prepend );
+ oa = arraylike2object( append );
+ oo = arraylike2object( out );
+ ow = arraylike2object( workspace );
+ if ( ox.accessorProtocol || op.accessorProtocol || oa.accessorProtocol || oo.accessorProtocol || ow.accessorProtocol ) {
+ accessors( N, k, ox, strideX, offsetX, N1, op, strideP, offsetP, N2, oa, strideA, offsetA, oo, strideOut, offsetOut, ow, strideW, offsetW );
+ return oo.data;
+ }
+
+ if ( k === 0 ) {
+ // Copy `prepend` into output array:
+ gcopy.ndarray( N1, prepend, strideP, offsetP, out, strideOut, offsetOut );
+
+ // Copy `x` into output array:
+ io = offsetOut + ( N1 * strideOut );
+ gcopy.ndarray( N, x, strideX, offsetX, out, strideOut, io );
+
+ // Copy `append` into output array:
+ io = offsetOut + ( ( N1 + N ) * strideOut );
+ gcopy.ndarray( N2, append, strideA, offsetA, out, strideOut, io );
+
+ return out;
+ }
+
+ if ( k === 1 ) {
+ base( N, x, strideX, offsetX, N1, prepend, strideP, offsetP, N2, append, strideA, offsetA, out, strideOut, offsetOut );
+ return out;
+ }
+
+ base( N, x, strideX, offsetX, N1, prepend, strideP, offsetP, N2, append, strideA, offsetA, workspace, strideW, offsetW );
+
+ n = total - 1;
+ for ( i = 1; i < k - 1; i++ ) {
+ base( n, workspace, strideW, offsetW, 0, prepend, strideP, offsetP, 0, append, strideA, offsetA, workspace, strideW, offsetW );
+ n -= 1;
+ }
+
+ base( n, workspace, strideW, offsetW, 0, prepend, strideP, offsetP, 0, append, strideA, offsetA, out, strideOut, offsetOut );
+ return out;
+}
+
+
+// EXPORTS //
+
+module.exports = gdiff;
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/gdiff/package.json b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/gdiff/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..1b6684bf15e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/gdiff/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+{
+ "name": "@stdlib/blas/ext/base/gdiff",
+ "version": "0.0.0",
+ "description": "Calculate the k-th discrete forward difference of a strided array.",
+ "license": "Apache-2.0",
+ "author": {
+ "name": "The Stdlib Authors",
+ "url": "https://github.com/stdlib-js/stdlib/graphs/contributors"
+ },
+ "contributors": [
+ {
+ "name": "The Stdlib Authors",
+ "url": "https://github.com/stdlib-js/stdlib/graphs/contributors"
+ }
+ ],
+ "main": "./lib",
+ "directories": {
+ "benchmark": "./benchmark",
+ "doc": "./docs",
+ "example": "./examples",
+ "lib": "./lib",
+ "test": "./test"
+ },
+ "types": "./docs/types",
+ "scripts": {},
+ "homepage": "https://github.com/stdlib-js/stdlib",
+ "repository": {
+ "type": "git",
+ "url": "git://github.com/stdlib-js/stdlib.git"
+ },
+ "bugs": {
+ "url": "https://github.com/stdlib-js/stdlib/issues"
+ },
+ "dependencies": {},
+ "devDependencies": {},
+ "engines": {
+ "node": ">=0.10.0",
+ "npm": ">2.7.0"
+ },
+ "os": [
+ "aix",
+ "darwin",
+ "freebsd",
+ "linux",
+ "macos",
+ "openbsd",
+ "sunos",
+ "win32",
+ "windows"
+ ],
+ "keywords": [
+ "stdlib",
+ "stdmath",
+ "mathematics",
+ "math",
+ "blas",
+ "extended",
+ "diff",
+ "difference",
+ "gradient",
+ "strided",
+ "array"
+ ],
+ "__stdlib__": {}
+}
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/gdiff/test/test.gdiff.js b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/gdiff/test/test.gdiff.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..a5260b38dcc0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/gdiff/test/test.gdiff.js
@@ -0,0 +1,532 @@
+/**
+* @license Apache-2.0
+*
+* Copyright (c) 2026 The Stdlib Authors.
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+'use strict';
+
+// MODULES //
+
+var tape = require( 'tape' );
+var toAccessorArray = require( '@stdlib/array/base/to-accessor-array' );
+var gdiff = require( './../lib/gdiff.js' );
+
+
+// TESTS //
+
+tape( 'main export is a function', function test( t ) {
+ t.ok( true, __filename );
+ t.strictEqual( typeof gdiff, 'function', 'main export is a function' );
+ t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function calculates the first forward difference', function test( t ) {
+ var expected;
+ var out;
+ var x;
+ var p;
+ var a;
+ var w;
+
+ x = [ 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0 ];
+ p = [ 1.0 ];
+ a = [ 11.0 ];
+ out = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ w = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 );
+
+ expected = [ 1.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 1.0 ];
+ t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+ t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function calculates higher-order forward differences', function test( t ) {
+ var expected;
+ var out;
+ var x;
+ var p;
+ var a;
+ var w;
+
+ // Second forward difference (k=2):
+ x = [ 2.0, 4.0, 7.0, 11.0, 16.0 ];
+ p = [ 1.0 ];
+ a = [ 22.0 ];
+ out = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ w = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+
+ gdiff( x.length, 2, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 );
+
+ expected = [ 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 ];
+ t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+
+ // Third forward difference (k=3):
+ x = [ 1.0, 3.0, 6.0, 10.0, 15.0, 21.0 ];
+ p = [];
+ a = [];
+ out = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ w = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+
+ gdiff( x.length, 3, x, 1, 0, p, 1, 0, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 );
+
+ expected = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+ t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function supports k=0 (copies input)', function test( t ) {
+ var expected;
+ var out;
+ var x;
+ var p;
+ var a;
+ var w;
+
+ x = [ 2.0, 4.0, 6.0 ];
+ p = [ 1.0 ];
+ a = [ 7.0 ];
+ out = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ w = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+
+ gdiff( x.length, 0, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 );
+
+ expected = [ 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 7.0 ];
+ t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+ t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function returns the output array unchanged for trivial cases', function test( t ) {
+ var expected;
+ var out;
+ var x;
+ var p;
+ var a;
+ var w;
+
+ // N <= 0:
+ x = [ 2.0, 4.0 ];
+ p = [];
+ a = [];
+ out = [ 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ w = [ 0.0, 0.0 ];
+
+ gdiff( 0, 1, x, 1, 0, p, 1, 0, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 );
+
+ expected = [ 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+
+ x = [ 5.0 ];
+ p = [];
+ a = [];
+ out = [ 0.0 ];
+ w = [ 0.0 ];
+
+ gdiff( 1, 1, x, 1, 0, p, 1, 0, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 );
+
+ expected = [ 0.0 ];
+ t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+
+ x = [ 1.0, 2.0 ];
+ p = [];
+ a = [];
+ out = [ 0.0 ];
+ w = [ 0.0 ];
+
+ gdiff( x.length, 5, x, 1, 0, p, 1, 0, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 );
+
+ expected = [ 0.0 ];
+ t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+ t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function supports no prepend and no append', function test( t ) {
+ var expected;
+ var out;
+ var x;
+ var p;
+ var a;
+ var w;
+
+ x = [ 1.0, 3.0, 6.0, 10.0 ];
+ p = [];
+ a = [];
+ out = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ w = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, p, 1, 0, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 );
+
+ expected = [ 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 ];
+ t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+ t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function supports strides', function test( t ) {
+ var expected;
+ var out;
+ var x;
+ var p;
+ var a;
+ var w;
+
+ // Negative strides:
+ x = [ 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0 ];
+ p = [ 1.0 ];
+ a = [ 11.0 ];
+ out = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ w = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, -1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 );
+
+ expected = [ 9.0, -2.0, -2.0, -2.0, -2.0, 9.0 ];
+ t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+
+ // Strided access (stride=2):
+ x = [ 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0 ];
+ p = [ 1.0 ];
+ a = [ 11.0 ];
+ out = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ w = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+
+ gdiff( 3, 1, x, 2, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 );
+
+ expected = [ 1.0, 4.0, 4.0, 1.0 ];
+ t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+ t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function supports multiple prepend and append values', function test( t ) {
+ var expected;
+ var out;
+ var x;
+ var p;
+ var a;
+ var w;
+
+ // Multiple prepend (N1=2), no append:
+ x = [ 6.0, 8.0 ];
+ p = [ 1.0, 3.0 ];
+ a = [];
+ out = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ w = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 2, p, 1, 0, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 );
+
+ expected = [ 2.0, 3.0, 2.0 ];
+ t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+
+ // Multiple prepend (N1=2) and append (N2=1), no x:
+ x = [];
+ p = [ 1.0, 3.0 ];
+ a = [ 7.0 ];
+ out = [ 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ w = [ 0.0, 0.0 ];
+
+ gdiff( 0, 1, x, 1, 2, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 );
+
+ expected = [ 2.0, 4.0 ];
+ t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+
+ // Prepend (N1=1), x, and multiple append (N2=2):
+ x = [ 2.0, 4.0 ];
+ p = [ 1.0 ];
+ a = [ 6.0, 10.0 ];
+ out = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ w = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 2, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 );
+
+ expected = [ 1.0, 2.0, 2.0, 4.0 ];
+ t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+ t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function supports append without prepend', function test( t ) {
+ var expected;
+ var out;
+ var x;
+ var p;
+ var a;
+ var w;
+
+ // No prepend, x present, single append:
+ x = [ 2.0, 5.0 ];
+ p = [];
+ a = [ 10.0 ];
+ out = [ 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ w = [ 0.0, 0.0 ];
+
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 );
+
+ expected = [ 3.0, 5.0 ];
+ t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+
+ // No prepend, no x, only append (N2=3):
+ x = [];
+ p = [];
+ a = [ 1.0, 4.0, 9.0 ];
+ out = [ 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ w = [ 0.0, 0.0 ];
+
+ gdiff( 0, 1, x, 1, 0, p, 1, 3, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 );
+
+ expected = [ 3.0, 5.0 ];
+ t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+ t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function calculates the first forward difference (accessors)', function test( t ) {
+ var expected;
+ var out;
+ var x;
+ var p;
+ var a;
+ var w;
+
+ x = [ 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0 ];
+ p = [ 1.0 ];
+ a = [ 11.0 ];
+ out = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ w = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+
+ gdiff( 5, 1, toAccessorArray( x ), 1, 1, toAccessorArray( p ), 1, 1, toAccessorArray( a ), 1, toAccessorArray( out ), 1, toAccessorArray( w ), 1 );
+
+ expected = [ 1.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 1.0 ];
+ t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+ t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function calculates higher-order forward differences (accessors)', function test( t ) {
+ var expected;
+ var out;
+ var x;
+ var p;
+ var a;
+ var w;
+
+ x = [ 2.0, 4.0, 7.0, 11.0, 16.0 ];
+ p = [ 1.0 ];
+ a = [ 22.0 ];
+ out = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ w = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+
+ gdiff( 5, 2, toAccessorArray( x ), 1, 1, toAccessorArray( p ), 1, 1, toAccessorArray( a ), 1, toAccessorArray( out ), 1, toAccessorArray( w ), 1 );
+
+ expected = [ 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 ];
+ t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+
+ // Third forward difference (k=3):
+ x = [ 1.0, 3.0, 6.0, 10.0, 15.0, 21.0 ];
+ p = [];
+ a = [];
+ out = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ w = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+
+ gdiff( x.length, 3, toAccessorArray( x ), 1, 0, toAccessorArray( p ), 1, 0, toAccessorArray( a ), 1, toAccessorArray( out ), 1, toAccessorArray( w ), 1 );
+
+ expected = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+ t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function supports k=0 (copies input) (accessors)', function test( t ) {
+ var expected;
+ var out;
+ var x;
+ var p;
+ var a;
+ var w;
+
+ x = [ 2.0, 4.0, 6.0 ];
+ p = [ 1.0 ];
+ a = [ 7.0 ];
+ out = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ w = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+
+ gdiff( 3, 0, toAccessorArray( x ), 1, 1, toAccessorArray( p ), 1, 1, toAccessorArray( a ), 1, toAccessorArray( out ), 1, toAccessorArray( w ), 1 );
+
+ expected = [ 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 7.0 ];
+ t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+ t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function supports no prepend and no append (accessors)', function test( t ) {
+ var expected;
+ var out;
+ var x;
+ var p;
+ var a;
+ var w;
+
+ x = [ 1.0, 3.0, 6.0, 10.0 ];
+ p = [];
+ a = [];
+ out = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ w = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+
+ gdiff( 4, 1, toAccessorArray( x ), 1, 0, toAccessorArray( p ), 1, 0, toAccessorArray( a ), 1, toAccessorArray( out ), 1, toAccessorArray( w ), 1 );
+
+ expected = [ 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 ];
+ t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+ t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function supports strides (accessors)', function test( t ) {
+ var expected;
+ var out;
+ var x;
+ var p;
+ var a;
+ var w;
+
+ x = [ 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0 ];
+ p = [ 1.0 ];
+ a = [ 11.0 ];
+ out = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ w = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+
+ gdiff( 5, 1, toAccessorArray( x ), -1, 1, toAccessorArray( p ), 1, 1, toAccessorArray( a ), 1, toAccessorArray( out ), 1, toAccessorArray( w ), 1 );
+
+ expected = [ 9.0, -2.0, -2.0, -2.0, -2.0, 9.0 ];
+ t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+ t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function returns the output array unchanged for trivial cases (accessors)', function test( t ) {
+ var expected;
+ var out;
+ var x;
+ var p;
+ var a;
+ var w;
+
+ // N <= 0:
+ x = [ 2.0, 4.0 ];
+ p = [];
+ a = [];
+ out = [ 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ w = [ 0.0, 0.0 ];
+
+ gdiff( 0, 1, toAccessorArray( x ), 1, 0, toAccessorArray( p ), 1, 0, toAccessorArray( a ), 1, toAccessorArray( out ), 1, toAccessorArray( w ), 1 );
+
+ expected = [ 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+
+ // Single element (total <= 1):
+ x = [ 5.0 ];
+ p = [];
+ a = [];
+ out = [ 0.0 ];
+ w = [ 0.0 ];
+
+ gdiff( 1, 1, toAccessorArray( x ), 1, 0, toAccessorArray( p ), 1, 0, toAccessorArray( a ), 1, toAccessorArray( out ), 1, toAccessorArray( w ), 1 );
+
+ expected = [ 0.0 ];
+ t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+
+ // k >= total:
+ x = [ 1.0, 2.0 ];
+ p = [];
+ a = [];
+ out = [ 0.0 ];
+ w = [ 0.0 ];
+
+ gdiff( x.length, 5, toAccessorArray( x ), 1, 0, toAccessorArray( p ), 1, 0, toAccessorArray( a ), 1, toAccessorArray( out ), 1, toAccessorArray( w ), 1 );
+
+ expected = [ 0.0 ];
+ t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+ t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function supports multiple prepend and append values (accessors)', function test( t ) {
+ var expected;
+ var out;
+ var x;
+ var p;
+ var a;
+ var w;
+
+ // Multiple prepend (N1=2), no append:
+ x = [ 6.0, 8.0 ];
+ p = [ 1.0, 3.0 ];
+ a = [];
+ out = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ w = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, toAccessorArray( x ), 1, 2, toAccessorArray( p ), 1, 0, toAccessorArray( a ), 1, toAccessorArray( out ), 1, toAccessorArray( w ), 1 );
+
+ expected = [ 2.0, 3.0, 2.0 ];
+ t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+
+ // Multiple prepend (N1=2) and append (N2=1), no x:
+ x = [];
+ p = [ 1.0, 3.0 ];
+ a = [ 7.0 ];
+ out = [ 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ w = [ 0.0, 0.0 ];
+
+ gdiff( 0, 1, toAccessorArray( x ), 1, 2, toAccessorArray( p ), 1, 1, toAccessorArray( a ), 1, toAccessorArray( out ), 1, toAccessorArray( w ), 1 );
+
+ expected = [ 2.0, 4.0 ];
+ t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+
+ // Prepend (N1=1), x, and multiple append (N2=2):
+ x = [ 2.0, 4.0 ];
+ p = [ 1.0 ];
+ a = [ 6.0, 10.0 ];
+ out = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ w = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, toAccessorArray( x ), 1, 1, toAccessorArray( p ), 1, 2, toAccessorArray( a ), 1, toAccessorArray( out ), 1, toAccessorArray( w ), 1 );
+
+ expected = [ 1.0, 2.0, 2.0, 4.0 ];
+ t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+ t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function supports append without prepend (accessors)', function test( t ) {
+ var expected;
+ var out;
+ var x;
+ var p;
+ var a;
+ var w;
+
+ // No prepend, x present, single append:
+ x = [ 2.0, 5.0 ];
+ p = [];
+ a = [ 10.0 ];
+ out = [ 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ w = [ 0.0, 0.0 ];
+
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, toAccessorArray( x ), 1, 0, toAccessorArray( p ), 1, 1, toAccessorArray( a ), 1, toAccessorArray( out ), 1, toAccessorArray( w ), 1 );
+
+ expected = [ 3.0, 5.0 ];
+ t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+
+ // No prepend, no x, only append (N2=3):
+ x = [];
+ p = [];
+ a = [ 1.0, 4.0, 9.0 ];
+ out = [ 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ w = [ 0.0, 0.0 ];
+
+ gdiff( 0, 1, toAccessorArray( x ), 1, 0, toAccessorArray( p ), 1, 3, toAccessorArray( a ), 1, toAccessorArray( out ), 1, toAccessorArray( w ), 1 );
+
+ expected = [ 3.0, 5.0 ];
+ t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+ t.end();
+});
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/gdiff/test/test.js b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/gdiff/test/test.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..ff31275f57bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/gdiff/test/test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+/**
+* @license Apache-2.0
+*
+* Copyright (c) 2026 The Stdlib Authors.
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+'use strict';
+
+// MODULES //
+
+var tape = require( 'tape' );
+var gdiff = require( './../lib' );
+
+
+// TESTS //
+
+tape( 'main export is a function', function test( t ) {
+ t.ok( true, __filename );
+ t.strictEqual( typeof gdiff, 'function', 'main export is a function' );
+ t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'attached to the main export is an `ndarray` method', function test( t ) {
+ t.strictEqual( typeof gdiff.ndarray, 'function', 'has method' );
+ t.end();
+});
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/gdiff/test/test.ndarray.js b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/gdiff/test/test.ndarray.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..568b606ac087
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/gdiff/test/test.ndarray.js
@@ -0,0 +1,520 @@
+/**
+* @license Apache-2.0
+*
+* Copyright (c) 2026 The Stdlib Authors.
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+'use strict';
+
+// MODULES //
+
+var tape = require( 'tape' );
+var toAccessorArray = require( '@stdlib/array/base/to-accessor-array' );
+var gdiff = require( './../lib/ndarray.js' );
+
+
+// TESTS //
+
+tape( 'main export is a function', function test( t ) {
+ t.ok( true, __filename );
+ t.strictEqual( typeof gdiff, 'function', 'main export is a function' );
+ t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function calculates the first forward difference', function test( t ) {
+ var expected;
+ var out;
+ var x;
+ var p;
+ var a;
+ var w;
+
+ x = [ 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0 ];
+ p = [ 1.0 ];
+ a = [ 11.0 ];
+ out = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ w = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 );
+
+ expected = [ 1.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 1.0 ];
+ t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+ t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function calculates higher-order forward differences', function test( t ) {
+ var expected;
+ var out;
+ var x;
+ var p;
+ var a;
+ var w;
+
+ // Second forward difference (k=2):
+ x = [ 2.0, 4.0, 7.0, 11.0, 16.0 ];
+ p = [ 1.0 ];
+ a = [ 22.0 ];
+ out = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ w = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+
+ gdiff( x.length, 2, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 );
+
+ expected = [ 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 ];
+ t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+
+ // Third forward difference (k=3):
+ x = [ 1.0, 3.0, 6.0, 10.0, 15.0, 21.0 ];
+ p = [];
+ a = [];
+ out = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ w = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+
+ gdiff( x.length, 3, x, 1, 0, 0, p, 1, 0, 0, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 );
+
+ expected = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+ t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function supports k=0 (copies input)', function test( t ) {
+ var expected;
+ var out;
+ var x;
+ var p;
+ var a;
+ var w;
+
+ x = [ 2.0, 4.0, 6.0 ];
+ p = [ 1.0 ];
+ a = [ 7.0 ];
+ out = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ w = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+
+ gdiff( x.length, 0, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 );
+
+ expected = [ 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 7.0 ];
+ t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+ t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function returns the output array unchanged for trivial cases', function test( t ) {
+ var expected;
+ var out;
+ var x;
+ var p;
+ var a;
+ var w;
+
+ // N <= 0:
+ x = [ 2.0, 4.0 ];
+ p = [];
+ a = [];
+ out = [ 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ w = [ 0.0, 0.0 ];
+
+ gdiff( 0, 1, x, 1, 0, 0, p, 1, 0, 0, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 );
+
+ expected = [ 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+
+ // Single element (total <= 1 in base):
+ x = [ 5.0 ];
+ p = [];
+ a = [];
+ out = [ 0.0 ];
+ w = [ 0.0 ];
+
+ gdiff( 1, 1, x, 1, 0, 0, p, 1, 0, 0, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 );
+
+ expected = [ 0.0 ];
+ t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+
+ x = [ 1.0, 2.0 ];
+ p = [];
+ a = [];
+ out = [ 0.0 ];
+ w = [ 0.0 ];
+
+ gdiff( x.length, 5, x, 1, 0, 0, p, 1, 0, 0, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 );
+
+ expected = [ 0.0 ];
+ t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+ t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function supports no prepend and no append', function test( t ) {
+ var expected;
+ var out;
+ var x;
+ var p;
+ var a;
+ var w;
+
+ x = [ 1.0, 3.0, 6.0, 10.0 ];
+ p = [];
+ a = [];
+ out = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ w = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 0, p, 1, 0, 0, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 );
+
+ expected = [ 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 ];
+ t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+ t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function supports strides and offsets', function test( t ) {
+ var expected;
+ var out;
+ var x;
+ var p;
+ var a;
+ var w;
+
+ // Offset for `x`:
+ x = [ 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0 ];
+ p = [ 1.0 ];
+ a = [ 11.0 ];
+ out = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ w = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+
+ gdiff( 3, 1, x, 1, 2, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 );
+
+ expected = [ 5.0, 2.0, 2.0, 1.0 ];
+ t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+
+ // Negative strides:
+ x = [ 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0 ];
+ p = [ 1.0 ];
+ a = [ 11.0 ];
+ out = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ w = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, -1, 4, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 );
+
+ expected = [ 9.0, -2.0, -2.0, -2.0, -2.0, 9.0 ];
+ t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+
+ // Strided access (stride=2):
+ x = [ 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0 ];
+ p = [ 1.0 ];
+ a = [ 11.0 ];
+ out = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ w = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+
+ gdiff( 3, 1, x, 2, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 );
+
+ expected = [ 1.0, 4.0, 4.0, 1.0 ];
+ t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+ t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function supports multiple prepend and append values', function test( t ) {
+ var expected;
+ var out;
+ var x;
+ var p;
+ var a;
+ var w;
+
+ // Multiple prepend (N1=2), no append:
+ x = [ 6.0, 8.0 ];
+ p = [ 1.0, 3.0 ];
+ a = [];
+ out = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ w = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 2, p, 1, 0, 0, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 );
+
+ expected = [ 2.0, 3.0, 2.0 ];
+ t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+
+ // Multiple prepend (N1=2) and append (N2=1), no x:
+ x = [];
+ p = [ 1.0, 3.0 ];
+ a = [ 7.0 ];
+ out = [ 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ w = [ 0.0, 0.0 ];
+
+ gdiff( 0, 1, x, 1, 0, 2, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 );
+
+ expected = [ 2.0, 4.0 ];
+ t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+
+ // Prepend (N1=1), x, and multiple append (N2=2):
+ x = [ 2.0, 4.0 ];
+ p = [ 1.0 ];
+ a = [ 6.0, 10.0 ];
+ out = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ w = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 2, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 );
+
+ expected = [ 1.0, 2.0, 2.0, 4.0 ];
+ t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+ t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function supports append without prepend', function test( t ) {
+ var expected;
+ var out;
+ var x;
+ var p;
+ var a;
+ var w;
+
+ // No prepend, x present, single append:
+ x = [ 2.0, 5.0 ];
+ p = [];
+ a = [ 10.0 ];
+ out = [ 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ w = [ 0.0, 0.0 ];
+
+ gdiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 0, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 );
+
+ expected = [ 3.0, 5.0 ];
+ t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+
+ // No prepend, no x, only append (N2=3):
+ x = [];
+ p = [];
+ a = [ 1.0, 4.0, 9.0 ];
+ out = [ 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ w = [ 0.0, 0.0 ];
+
+ gdiff( 0, 1, x, 1, 0, 0, p, 1, 0, 3, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 );
+
+ expected = [ 3.0, 5.0 ];
+ t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+ t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function calculates the first forward difference (accessors)', function test( t ) {
+ var expected;
+ var out;
+ var x;
+ var p;
+ var a;
+ var w;
+
+ x = [ 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0 ];
+ p = [ 1.0 ];
+ a = [ 11.0 ];
+ out = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ w = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+
+ gdiff( 5, 1, toAccessorArray( x ), 1, 0, 1, toAccessorArray( p ), 1, 0, 1, toAccessorArray( a ), 1, 0, toAccessorArray( out ), 1, 0, toAccessorArray( w ), 1, 0 );
+
+ expected = [ 1.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 1.0 ];
+ t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+ t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function calculates higher-order forward differences (accessors)', function test( t ) {
+ var expected;
+ var out;
+ var x;
+ var p;
+ var a;
+ var w;
+
+ x = [ 2.0, 4.0, 7.0, 11.0, 16.0 ];
+ p = [ 1.0 ];
+ a = [ 22.0 ];
+ out = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ w = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+
+ gdiff( 5, 2, toAccessorArray( x ), 1, 0, 1, toAccessorArray( p ), 1, 0, 1, toAccessorArray( a ), 1, 0, toAccessorArray( out ), 1, 0, toAccessorArray( w ), 1, 0 );
+
+ expected = [ 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 ];
+ t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+
+ // Third forward difference (k=3):
+ x = [ 1.0, 3.0, 6.0, 10.0, 15.0, 21.0 ];
+ p = [];
+ a = [];
+ out = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ w = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+
+ gdiff( 6, 3, toAccessorArray( x ), 1, 0, 0, toAccessorArray( p ), 1, 0, 0, toAccessorArray( a ), 1, 0, toAccessorArray( out ), 1, 0, toAccessorArray( w ), 1, 0 );
+
+ expected = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+ t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function supports k=0 (copies input) (accessors)', function test( t ) {
+ var expected;
+ var out;
+ var x;
+ var p;
+ var a;
+ var w;
+
+ x = [ 2.0, 4.0, 6.0 ];
+ p = [ 1.0 ];
+ a = [ 7.0 ];
+ out = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ w = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+
+ gdiff( 3, 0, toAccessorArray( x ), 1, 0, 1, toAccessorArray( p ), 1, 0, 1, toAccessorArray( a ), 1, 0, toAccessorArray( out ), 1, 0, toAccessorArray( w ), 1, 0 );
+
+ expected = [ 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 7.0 ];
+ t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+ t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function returns the output array unchanged for trivial cases (accessors)', function test( t ) {
+ var expected;
+ var out;
+ var x;
+ var p;
+ var a;
+ var w;
+
+ // N <= 0:
+ x = [ 2.0, 4.0 ];
+ p = [];
+ a = [];
+ out = [ 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ w = [ 0.0, 0.0 ];
+
+ gdiff( 0, 1, toAccessorArray( x ), 1, 0, 0, toAccessorArray( p ), 1, 0, 0, toAccessorArray( a ), 1, 0, toAccessorArray( out ), 1, 0, toAccessorArray( w ), 1, 0 );
+
+ expected = [ 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+
+ // Single element (total <= 1):
+ x = [ 5.0 ];
+ p = [];
+ a = [];
+ out = [ 0.0 ];
+ w = [ 0.0 ];
+
+ gdiff( 1, 1, toAccessorArray( x ), 1, 0, 0, toAccessorArray( p ), 1, 0, 0, toAccessorArray( a ), 1, 0, toAccessorArray( out ), 1, 0, toAccessorArray( w ), 1, 0 );
+
+ expected = [ 0.0 ];
+ t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+
+ // k >= total:
+ x = [ 1.0, 2.0 ];
+ p = [];
+ a = [];
+ out = [ 0.0 ];
+ w = [ 0.0 ];
+
+ gdiff( x.length, 5, toAccessorArray( x ), 1, 0, 0, toAccessorArray( p ), 1, 0, 0, toAccessorArray( a ), 1, 0, toAccessorArray( out ), 1, 0, toAccessorArray( w ), 1, 0 );
+
+ expected = [ 0.0 ];
+ t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+ t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function supports no prepend and no append (accessors)', function test( t ) {
+ var expected;
+ var out;
+ var x;
+ var p;
+ var a;
+ var w;
+
+ x = [ 1.0, 3.0, 6.0, 10.0 ];
+ p = [];
+ a = [];
+ out = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ w = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+
+ gdiff( 4, 1, toAccessorArray( x ), 1, 0, 0, toAccessorArray( p ), 1, 0, 0, toAccessorArray( a ), 1, 0, toAccessorArray( out ), 1, 0, toAccessorArray( w ), 1, 0 );
+
+ expected = [ 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 ];
+ t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+ t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function supports strides and offsets (accessors)', function test( t ) {
+ var expected;
+ var out;
+ var x;
+ var p;
+ var a;
+ var w;
+
+ // Offset for `x`:
+ x = [ 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0 ];
+ p = [ 1.0 ];
+ a = [ 11.0 ];
+ out = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ w = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+
+ gdiff( 3, 1, toAccessorArray( x ), 1, 2, 1, toAccessorArray( p ), 1, 0, 1, toAccessorArray( a ), 1, 0, toAccessorArray( out ), 1, 0, toAccessorArray( w ), 1, 0 );
+
+ expected = [ 5.0, 2.0, 2.0, 1.0 ];
+ t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+
+ // Negative strides:
+ x = [ 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0 ];
+ p = [ 1.0 ];
+ a = [ 11.0 ];
+ out = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ w = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+
+ gdiff( 5, 1, toAccessorArray( x ), -1, 4, 1, toAccessorArray( p ), 1, 0, 1, toAccessorArray( a ), 1, 0, toAccessorArray( out ), 1, 0, toAccessorArray( w ), 1, 0 );
+
+ expected = [ 9.0, -2.0, -2.0, -2.0, -2.0, 9.0 ];
+ t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+ t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function supports multiple prepend and append values (accessors)', function test( t ) {
+ var expected;
+ var out;
+ var x;
+ var p;
+ var a;
+ var w;
+
+ x = [ 6.0, 8.0 ];
+ p = [ 1.0, 3.0 ];
+ a = [];
+ out = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ w = [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ];
+
+ gdiff( 2, 1, toAccessorArray( x ), 1, 0, 2, toAccessorArray( p ), 1, 0, 0, toAccessorArray( a ), 1, 0, toAccessorArray( out ), 1, 0, toAccessorArray( w ), 1, 0 );
+
+ expected = [ 2.0, 3.0, 2.0 ];
+ t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+ t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function supports append without prepend (accessors)', function test( t ) {
+ var expected;
+ var out;
+ var x;
+ var p;
+ var a;
+ var w;
+
+ x = [ 2.0, 5.0 ];
+ p = [];
+ a = [ 10.0 ];
+ out = [ 0.0, 0.0 ];
+ w = [ 0.0, 0.0 ];
+
+ gdiff( 2, 1, toAccessorArray( x ), 1, 0, 0, toAccessorArray( p ), 1, 0, 1, toAccessorArray( a ), 1, 0, toAccessorArray( out ), 1, 0, toAccessorArray( w ), 1, 0 );
+
+ expected = [ 3.0, 5.0 ];
+ t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+ t.end();
+});